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裝包卸包型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(52105266)、山東省科技型中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力提升工程項目(2021TSGC1332)、中國博士后科學基金面上項目(2021M701801)和南京市博士后科研計劃項目


Design and Experiment of a Bagging and Unloading Potato Combine Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機薯土秧雜分離效果差、傷薯破皮嚴重以及后續(xù)清選除雜成本高等問題,采用雙篩薯雜分離、撥板摘薯、人工輔助分揀除雜、緩存集薯裝包和隨重漸降卸包相結(jié)合的作業(yè)方式,研制了一種裝包卸包型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機,該機具主要由松土限深裝置、挖掘裝置、雙篩式薯雜分離裝置、撥板摘薯裝置、人工輔助分揀平臺以及集薯裝包卸包裝置等部分組成。在闡述總體結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,對雙篩薯雜分離過程和撥板摘薯過程進行力學分析,明確了馬鈴薯運動軌跡和碰撞特征;撥板摘薯裝置可實現(xiàn)薯秧脫附分離,降低損失率;緩存集薯裝包與隨重漸降卸包技術(shù),可實現(xiàn)緩存和裝包狀態(tài)自動切換,確保不停機柔性集薯與減損卸包。試驗結(jié)果表明,當作業(yè)速度為3.01、3.95km/h時,生產(chǎn)率分別為0.39、0.51hm2/h,傷薯率分別為1.68%和1.44%,破皮率分別為2.05%和1.71%,含雜率分別為1.75%和1.96%,損失率分別為1.56%和1.52%,各項性能指標均滿足相關(guān)標準要求。

    Abstract:

    In response to the bottleneck issues of low impurity removal efficiency, difficulty in removing seedlings and vines, severe damage and bruising of potatoes and high cost of subsequent cleaning and impurity removal in existing potato combine harvesters, a bagging and unloading potato combine harvester was developed by an operation mode which was double sieve for potato-soil separation, plate device for picking potatoes, manual assisted sorting and automatic bagging and unloading. This machine was mainly composed of soil loosening and depth limiting device, soil cutting and vine cutting device, excavation device, primary sieve for separating potatoes and soil, manual auxiliary sorting platform, double-sieve device for separating potatoes and impurity, plate picking potatoes device, and potato bagging and unloading device. On the basis of elaborating on the overall structure and working principle of the harvester, the process of double sieve for separating potatoes and soil and plate picking potatoes were analyzed, the movement trajectory and impact characteristics of potatoes at the connection between the sorting conveyor sieve and the potato bagging and unloading device were clarified. The plate picking device could achieve the separation of potatoes and seedlings, which could reduce the loss rate. The technology of caching and bagging potatoes and unloading with gradually decreasing weight could achieve automatic switching between the caching and bagging status to ensure non-stop flexible potato harvesting and loss reduction unloading. The experimental results showed that at operating speeds of 3.01km/h and 3.95km/h, the productivity was 0.39hm2/h and 0.51hm2/h, the damage rate of potatoes was 1.68% and 1.44%, the bruising rate of potatoes was 2.05% and 1.71%, the impurity content rate was 1.75% and 1.96%, and the loss rate was 1.56% and 1.52%, respectively. All performance indicators met the requirements of relevant standards.

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魏忠彩,韓夢,蘇國粱,張浩,李學強,金誠謙.裝包卸包型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2023,54(10):92-104. WEI Zhongcai, HAN Meng, SU Guoliang, ZHANG Hao, LI Xueqiang, JIN Chengqian. Design and Experiment of a Bagging and Unloading Potato Combine Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(10):92-104.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-31
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