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Vibratory harvesting is widely used for olive harvesting. In vibratory harvesting, reasonable vibration parameters will greatly improve the harvest rate of the fruit. To improve the vibration harvesting efficiency of oil olive, the current situation of small operating space in oil olive orchards was addressed. A single eccentric block suspension type olive harvester was designed, where the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the eccentric block caused the fruit tree to vibrate under pressure to achieve harvesting. The fruit shedding acceleration can be reduced to the ratio of the fruit stalk binding force to the fruit mass, and the 90% quantile of the shedding acceleration was measured to be 1113.35m/s2. The relationship between the fruit tree shape parameters (trunk diameter X1, trunk height X2, main branch angles X3 and X4) and the excitation parameters (excitation frequency f, excitation force F) was investigated through response surface simulation, the vibration frequency range was obtained by modal analysis, from which, the optimal vibration frequency was figured out by sweeping frequency analysis in rigid-flexible coupling simulation, and analysis of simulation and experimental correlation. The analysis showed that the average correlation coefficient between simulation and experiment was 0.73 and the average relative error was 26.5%, which showed that the simulation could better express the experimental results, and the trunk diameter and trunk height had a significant effect on the excitation parameters. Field experiments were carried out on olive (Leccino) by using the harvesting prototype. The measurements of amplitudes at the clamping point showed that amplitudes at the clamping point varied a lot under different frequencies, namely, rising with the increase of frequency. According to the measurements of accelerations at four monitoring points on the trunk and the lateral branches showed that, the resonant frequencies of the three points located on the lateral branches were similar to the results of the response surface. The optimal vibration parameters obtained by the response surface model were used to carry out the harvest test, which showed that the average harvesting percentage reached about 91.22%, and there was no fruit damage. The research result can provide a reference for the design of vibration harvesting equipment.