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基于改進(jìn)YOLO v5s的復(fù)雜環(huán)境下蔗梢分叉點(diǎn)識(shí)別與定位
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廣西民族大學(xué)科研項(xiàng)目(302210506)和廣西創(chuàng)新發(fā)展重大項(xiàng)目(桂科AA22117006)


Identification and Height Localization of Sugarcane Tip Bifurcation Points in Complex Environments Based on Improved YOLO v5s
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    摘要:

    甘蔗蔗梢分叉點(diǎn)的精確識(shí)別與高度定位是實(shí)現(xiàn)甘蔗收獲機(jī)切梢器實(shí)時(shí)控制的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一,也是提高甘蔗收獲機(jī)械化水平和降低甘蔗含雜率的重要途徑。針對(duì)甘蔗地環(huán)境復(fù)雜、光照變化大、蔗梢分叉點(diǎn)相互遮擋等問(wèn)題,首先通過(guò)田間調(diào)查,并現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試、分析甘蔗生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)、甘蔗分叉點(diǎn)及相互關(guān)系的特征規(guī)律,采集圖像的甘蔗分叉點(diǎn)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)對(duì)甘蔗分叉點(diǎn)高度的測(cè)量統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)其均具有明顯的正態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)特征。接著,提出了一種基于改進(jìn)YOLO v5s的蔗梢分叉點(diǎn)識(shí)別方法。該方法采用單目和雙目相機(jī)在廣西大學(xué)扶綏農(nóng)科基地采集甘蔗圖像數(shù)據(jù),并進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理和標(biāo)注,構(gòu)建了甘蔗蔗梢分叉點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)集。然后,在YOLO v5s中引入BiFPN特征融合結(jié)構(gòu)和CA注意力機(jī)制,以增強(qiáng)不同層次特征的交互和表達(dá)能力,并使用GSConv卷積和Slim-Neck范式設(shè)計(jì),在原始模型主干網(wǎng)絡(luò)中引入Ghost模塊替換原始普通卷積,來(lái)降低模型的計(jì)算量和參數(shù)量,提高模型的運(yùn)行效率。最后,通過(guò)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采集的數(shù)據(jù)集上進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練和測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性和優(yōu)越性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該方法在甘蔗蔗梢分叉點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)集上平均精確率達(dá)到92.3%、召回率89.3%和檢測(cè)時(shí)間19.3ms,相比原始YOLO v5s網(wǎng)絡(luò),平均精確率提高5個(gè)百分點(diǎn),召回率提高4個(gè)百分點(diǎn),參數(shù)量降低43%,模型內(nèi)存占用量減少5.5MB,檢測(cè)時(shí)間減少0.7ms。最后,根據(jù)甘蔗分叉點(diǎn)具有明顯的正態(tài)統(tǒng)計(jì)特征的規(guī)律,利用該特征結(jié)合雙目視覺(jué)的定位算法,可為開(kāi)展甘蔗收獲機(jī)切梢的特征識(shí)別、切梢器高度定位及實(shí)時(shí)控制研究奠定理論及技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。

    Abstract:

    The precise identification and height positioning of the bifurcation points of sugarcane tips is one of the key technologies for achieving realtime control of sugarcane harvester cutters, and is also an important way to improve the mechanization level of sugarcane harvesting and reduce sugarcane impurity content. In response to the complex environment of sugarcane fields, significant changes in lighting, and mutual obstruction of sugarcane bifurcation points, the field investigations, on-site testing and analysis of the characteristics of sugarcane growth points, sugarcane bifurcation points, and their interrelationships were firstly conducted, statistical analysis of sugarcane bifurcation points in images was collected, and combined with on-site measurement and statistical analysis of the height of sugarcane bifurcation points, it was found that they all had obvious normal statistical characteristics. Secondly, a sugarcane tip bifurcation point recognition method was proposed based on improved YOLO v5s. In this method, monocular and binocular cameras were used to collect sugarcane image data in Fusui Agricultural Science Base of Guangxi University, and data preprocessing and labeling were carried out to build a data set of sugarcane tip bifurcation points. Then BiFPN feature fusion structure and CA attention mechanism were introduced into the backbone network of YOLO v5s to enhance the interaction and expression ability of different levels of features, and using GSConv convolution, Slim-Neck normal form design, and the Ghost module was introduced into the original model backbone network to replace the original ordinary convolution in Neck, in order to reduce the computational and parameter complexity of the model and improve its operational efficiency. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of this method were verified through training and testing on on-site collected datasets. The experimental results showed that this method achieved an average accuracy of 92.3%, a recall rate of 89.3%, and a detection time of 19.3ms on the sugarcane tip bifurcation point dataset. Compared with the original YOLO v5s network, the average accuracy was improved by 5 percentage points, the recall rate was improved by 4 percentage points, the parameter quantity was reduced by 43%, the model size was reduced by 5.5MB, and the detection time was reduced by 0.7ms. Finally, based on the obvious normal statistical characteristics of sugarcane bifurcation points, this feature can be combined with binocular vision positioning algorithms to lay a theoretical and technical foundation for conducting research on feature recognition of sugarcane harvester cuttings, height positioning of cuttings, and real-time control.

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李尚平,卞俊析,李凱華,任泓宇.基于改進(jìn)YOLO v5s的復(fù)雜環(huán)境下蔗梢分叉點(diǎn)識(shí)別與定位[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(11):247-258. LI Shangping, BIAN Junxi, LI Kaihua, REN Hongyu. Identification and Height Localization of Sugarcane Tip Bifurcation Points in Complex Environments Based on Improved YOLO v5s[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(11):247-258.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-20
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2023-11-10
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