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基于激光雷達的作物收獲導航線實時提取方法研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000601)


Real-time Extraction of Navigation Line Based on LiDAR
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    摘要:

    為提高聯(lián)合收獲機無人駕駛導航路徑的精度,本文提出一種基于激光雷達的作物收獲導航線實時提取方法。搭建點云數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),利用平面擬合法確定激光雷達安裝高度和安裝角度。利用三維激光雷達掃描收獲機前方作物的點云數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合IMU慣性傳感器反饋的姿態(tài)信息,實現(xiàn)作物點云數(shù)據(jù)從激光雷達坐標系到車體坐標系的變換?;诩す饫走_掃描視場角、安裝高度和安裝角度獲取感興趣區(qū)域(ROI)的坐標,并對感興趣區(qū)域進行直通濾波和統(tǒng)計濾波,去除灰塵、秸稈粉末等噪聲的影響,以實現(xiàn)點云數(shù)據(jù)無效點和離群點的剔除。提出一種基于柵格八鄰域高程差的作物收獲導航線快速識別算法,以點云柵格化后在Z軸方向上的坐標值作為檢測依據(jù),定義某一柵格與其8個相鄰柵格在Z軸坐標上的差值為高程差,遍歷柵格并根據(jù)設(shè)定閾值進行比較判斷,實現(xiàn)收獲邊界點的有效提取。采用最小二乘算法進行收獲邊界點的擬合,實現(xiàn)田間作業(yè)過程中作物收獲導航線動態(tài)提取。田間試驗表明,該方法具有較好的魯棒性,能在作物稀缺、雜草較多等情況下保持較高的準確性,其中前進方向偏差角平均值為0.872°,割臺橫向偏差為0.104m,收獲導航線準確率為93.5%,可為聯(lián)合收獲機工作提供輔助導航,提高無人駕駛的準確率。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the precision of unmanned navigation path of combine harvester, a real-time extraction method of crop harvesting navigation line was proposed based on LiDAR. A point cloud data acquisition system was built, and the installation height and angle of LiDAR were obtained by plane fitting method. The transformation of point cloud data from LiDAR coordinate system to vehicle coordinate system was realized by using three-dimensional LiDAR to scan the crop point cloud data in front of the harvester and combining the attitude information fed back by IMU inertial sensor. The coordinates of the ROI were obtained based on the scanning field angle, installation height and installation angle of LiDAR, and the ROI was filtered through and statistically to remove impurities such as dust and straw powder, so as to eliminate invalid points and outliers in point cloud data. A fast recognition algorithm of navigation line based on the elevation difference of eight neighboring grids was proposed. The coordinate value in the Z-axis direction after the point cloud rasterized was taken as the detection basis, and the difference between grid and its eight neighboring grids in the Z-axis coordinate was defined as the elevation difference. The grid was traversed and compared according to the set threshold, so as to effectively extract the harvesting boundary points. The least square algorithm was used to fit the harvesting boundary points, and the harvesting navigation line was obtained. Experiments showed that the algorithm had good robustness, and can maintain high accuracy when crops were scarce and there were many weeds, among which the average error angle of forward direction was 0.872°, the lateral deviation of header was 0.104m, and the correct rate of harvesting navigation line was 93.5%, which can provide auxiliary navigation for combine harvester and improve the accuracy of unmanned driving.

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周海燕,楊悅,劉陽春,馬若飛,張峰碩,張啟帆.基于激光雷達的作物收獲導航線實時提取方法研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2023,54(s1):9-17. ZHOU Haiyan, YANG Yue, LIU Yangchun, MA Ruofei, ZHANG Fengshuo, ZHANG Qifan. Real-time Extraction of Navigation Line Based on LiDAR[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(s1):9-17.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-12-10
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