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履帶式自走水力采藕機設(shè)計與試驗
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山東省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018GNC112004)


Design and Experiment of Crawler-type Self-propelled Hydraulic Lotus Root Harvester
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    摘要:

    黃河三角洲地區(qū)蓮藕種植深度為30~40cm,其采收以人工為主,采收環(huán)境惡劣,勞動強度大。為解決蓮藕采收問題,本文設(shè)計了一種智能、高效、低損傷的履帶式自走水力采藕機。對采藕機整機結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理、各關(guān)鍵機構(gòu)進行了設(shè)計和選型,并開展了田間試驗進行驗證。采藕機主要由底盤及履帶式自走機構(gòu)、水力系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)、動力系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)等組成。總動力由柴油機提供,行走機構(gòu)為履帶式,具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和靈活的轉(zhuǎn)向性能,能適應(yīng)復(fù)雜的藕田作業(yè)環(huán)境;射流沖刷方式為擺動射流,由提升液壓缸和擺動液壓缸分別帶動噴嘴陣列上升、下降和左右循環(huán)擺動作業(yè);能進行坡度0°~40°的轉(zhuǎn)場作業(yè),作業(yè)幅寬為2.3m,能夠?qū)ι徟罕韺右陨嫌倌嗫焖儆行_刷。在3個不同藕田進行了蓮藕采收試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明,該機器能適應(yīng)100cm以下不同水深的藕田,采藕機蓮藕采凈率大于等于95%,蓮藕損傷率小于等于5%,作業(yè)油耗率小于等于215g/(kW〖DK〗·h),作業(yè)時行駛速度和平均工作效率分別為3m/min和0.04hm2/h,采收效率為人工采藕效率的4~5倍。采藕機工作性能穩(wěn)定,能夠射流沖刷掉蓮藕表面淤泥且未損傷蓮藕,滿足蓮藕采收要求。

    Abstract:

    Lotus root is an important aquatic vegetable and special agricultural product that is easy to grow and difficult to harvest, with good nutritional value and economic benefits. The lotus root is commonly planted in the Yellow River Delta region at a depth of 30~40cm, but it is mainly harvested manually, which is a harsh environment, labor-intensive, and requires long hours in cold water, which is extremely harmful to the lotus root farmers' health. To solve the low efficiency and high labor intensity of lotus root manual harvesting, an intelligent, effective, and low-damage crawler selfpropelled hydraulic lotus root harvester was designed, which can improve the mechanization and efficiency of lotus root harvesting, and promote the large-scale development of lotus root industry. The harvester was mainly composed of power system, water circuit, hydraulic system, and control system. The total power of the machine was provided by the diesel engine, the moving mechanism was crawler type, which had good stability and flexible steering performance and can adapt to the complex root field operating environment. The mode of flushing slit was swinging jet, which was driven by the lifting hydraulic cylinder and oscillating hydraulic cylinder to ascend and descend the nozzle array and oscillate in a left-right cycle respectively, and was capable of 0°~40°slope transit operation, with an operating width of 2.3m. It can quickly and effectively wash the silt above the surface of the lotus root. Harvesting experiments were conducted in three different lotus root fields. The results showed that the lotus root harvesting depth was 40~50cm, the harvesting ratio was no less than 95%, and the lotus root damage ratio was no more than 5%, and the fuel consumption was no more than 215g/(kW·h). In ordinary fields, speed of the harvester was 3m/min and the average working efficiency was 0.04hm2/h, which was 4~5 times of manual harvesting. In the experimental process, the lotus root harvester had stable working performance, which met the requirements of lotus root harvesting.

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劉莫塵,梁文倩,肖化超,李映秀,宋占華,閆銀發(fā).履帶式自走水力采藕機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2023,54(s2):61-70. LIU Mochen, LIANG Wenqian, XIAO Huachao, LI Yingxiu, SONG Zhanhua, YAN Yinfa. Design and Experiment of Crawler-type Self-propelled Hydraulic Lotus Root Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(s2):61-70.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-08-25
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