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基于斷裂力學(xué)的甘蔗切割裂紋應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(32071916)和廣西科技重大專項(桂科AA22117005)


Analysis of Crack Stress Intensity Factor of Sugarcane Cutting Based on Fracture Mechanics
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    摘要:

    甘蔗屬于一年生或多年生宿根熱帶和亞熱帶草本植物,宿根切割質(zhì)量對于甘蔗來年的長勢有重要影響。本文探究甘蔗莖稈的切割機(jī)理并基于斷裂力學(xué)理論研究甘蔗裂紋的起裂與擴(kuò)展過程,為提高宿根切割質(zhì)量提供理論基礎(chǔ)?;诟衅髋c莖稈的相互作用關(guān)系,構(gòu)建刀具切割莖稈的力學(xué)模型,探究切割力等影響因素并基于高速攝像技術(shù)觀察莖稈切割過程;發(fā)現(xiàn)影響切割性能(彎矩、切割力等)的因素主要與甘蔗莖稈及根切器的機(jī)械力學(xué)特性(直徑、密度及莖稈傾斜角度等)、根切器的運動參數(shù)(切割頻率、切割深度) 以及土壤情況等因素有關(guān)。高速攝像試驗結(jié)果表明,多刀切割會增加甘蔗宿根破頭、拔根的概率,其由于在一刀切割完成后,莖稈產(chǎn)生凹坑、裂紋等缺陷,在莖稈自身重力及外載的作用下缺陷發(fā)生擴(kuò)展,導(dǎo)致宿根發(fā)生破壞?;跀嗔蚜W(xué)理論從莖稈內(nèi)部裂紋入手,分析裂紋起裂條件和影響斷裂角的因素并探究裂紋參數(shù)對于裂紋尖端應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子以及擴(kuò)展量的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:裂紋角度及數(shù)量的改變導(dǎo)致裂紋的開裂類型為復(fù)合型裂紋,其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ復(fù)合型裂紋為主要開裂類型;應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子隨裂紋角度的改變有較大的波動以及裂紋開裂方向和擴(kuò)展量的變化是由于裂紋角度的改變影響了最大主應(yīng)力與裂紋擴(kuò)展面之間的夾角;當(dāng)裂紋角度小于等于75°時,裂紋將沿原有方向繼續(xù)擴(kuò)展后發(fā)生彎折,當(dāng)裂紋角度大于75°時,裂紋將沿著垂直于原有裂紋的方向發(fā)生擴(kuò)展;隨著裂紋數(shù)量的增多,裂紋間的屏蔽效應(yīng)增強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致裂紋尖端材料的應(yīng)力得到釋放,裂尖附近的相對位移減小,裂紋的擴(kuò)展量逐漸減小。

    Abstract:

    Sugarcane belongs to annual or perennial tropical and subtropical herbs, and the cutting quality of sugarcane stubble has a crucial impact on the growth of cane in the following year. Sugarcane cutting process is a high-speed, transient, and nonlinear dynamic problem. Aiming to explore the cutting mechanism of sugarcane stalks and study the cracking and propagation process of sugarcane cracks based on the fracture mechanics theory, which was to provide a theoretical basis for improving the cutting quality of sugarcane stalk, the mechanical model (bending moment, cutting force, etc.) of the base cutter cutting the stalk was established by analyzing the interaction between the cutter and the stalk, to explore the influencing factors of cutting force; and the high-speed camera technology was adopted to observe the cutting quality of sugarcane stubble cuts with one and multi-times cutting. It was found that the factors affecting the cutting performance were mainly related to the mechanical properties (diameter, density, stalk inclination angle, etc.) of sugarcane stalks and base cutters, the kinematic parameters (cutting frequency, cutting depth) of base cutters, and soil conditions. However, the multi-time base cutting would increase the probability of stubble damage, which was mainly caused by defects and cracks on the stalks after first cutting, and the cracks would extent under its own gravity and external load. Therefore, the internal cracks of the sugarcane stalk were first studied based on the fracture mechanics theory, the crack initiation conditions and the factors affecting the fracture angle were analyzed, and the influence of crack parameters on the stress intensity factor and the expansion amount were explored. The results showed that the change of crack angle and number led to the composite crack, and theⅠ-Ⅱ composite crack was the main crack type. The stress intensity factor fluctuated greatly with the crack angle changing, and the change of crack direction and extension was due to the angle between the maximum principal stress and the crack propagation surface was affected by the crack angle; when the crack angle was less than or equal to 75°, the crack would continue to expand along the original direction and then bend, however, the crack would expand along the direction perpendicular to the original crack when the crack angle was greater than 75°. During the propagation process of two cracks, the cracks propagated along a 45° direction from the original crack. This was due to the relative slip of the material inside the stem under the influence of the cracks. The shear stress reached its maximum value at the 45° direction. With the increase of number of cracks, the shielding effect between cracks was increased, which would result in the release of the stress in the material at the crack tip, the relative displacement near the crack tip was decreased, and the crack growth was decreased gradually.

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錢君,馬少春,徐楊,梁文鵬,周保成,李文志.基于斷裂力學(xué)的甘蔗切割裂紋應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2023,54(s2):101-109. QIAN Jun, MA Shaochun, XU Yang, LIANG Wenpeng, ZHOU Baocheng, LI Wenzhi. Analysis of Crack Stress Intensity Factor of Sugarcane Cutting Based on Fracture Mechanics[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(s2):101-109.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-08-06
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