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雙軌道彈射式水稻精量直播排種器設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000604)


Design and Experiment of Double-track Ejection Rice Precision Direct Seeding Metering Device
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有排種器存在投種不順及大播量成穴性較差等問題,本文設(shè)計了一種雙軌道彈射式水稻精量直播排種器。基于理論分析設(shè)計了關(guān)鍵部件,利用DEM-MBD耦合仿真技術(shù)得到了彈簧力參數(shù)及因素取值范圍,明確了轉(zhuǎn)速超過35r/min后排種器的性能顯著下降。以合格率、漏播率及重播率為性能評價指標(biāo)開展臺架正交試驗,研究轉(zhuǎn)速、調(diào)節(jié)深度及稻種球度對排種器工作性能的影響,建立排種性能評價指標(biāo)的回歸預(yù)測模型。試驗結(jié)果表明:排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速為23.06r/min、型孔深度為8.99mm、稻種球度為52.7%時,排種器合格率為88.58%、漏播率為4.43%、重播率為6.99%,排種器工作性能最佳。為驗證排種器工作性能及優(yōu)化后參數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確性,開展了田間試驗,試驗結(jié)果與優(yōu)化后結(jié)果保持一致,回歸方程預(yù)測結(jié)果誤差小于2%,驗證了試驗可行性及參數(shù)準(zhǔn)確性,在最優(yōu)參數(shù)下排種器穴徑合格率為100%、平均穴徑為3.62cm、穴徑變異系數(shù)為18.45%、平均穴距為22.98cm、穴距變異系數(shù)為8.43%、平均穴粒數(shù)為11.08、穴粒數(shù)變異系數(shù)為17.56%。所設(shè)計的排種器具有較好的播種性能、較高的穴徑合格率及較低的變異系數(shù),表明該排種器具有良好的成穴性能。

    Abstract:

    Focusing on addressing the issues commonly found in existing seed metering devices, such as uneven seeding and inadequate hole forming when dealing with large sowing rates, a double-track ejection type rice precision direct seeding metering device was developed. Drawing from theoretical analysis, the key components were designed. Using the DEM-MBD coupling simulation technology, a range of spring force parameters and factors were obtained and the accuracy of the adjusting mechanism to meet the requirements of seeding was determined. It was evident that the performance of the seeder was decreased significantly after the rotation speed exceeded 35r/min. To investigate the effects of rotation speed, adjustment depth, and sphericity on the performance of the device, a bench orthogonal test was conducted. A regression prediction model of the device performance evaluation index was established. The test results showed that when the rotation speed of the seeding wheel was 23.06r/min, the depth of the hole was 8.99mm, and the sphericity of the rice seed was 52.7%, the qualified rate was 88.58%, the missed sowing rate was 4.43%, and the reseeding rate was 6.99%. To verify the working performance of the device and the accuracy of the optimized parameters, a field experiment was conducted. The results showed that the verification test results were consistent with the optimized results, and the error between them and the predicted results of the regression equation was less than 2%, thus confirming the feasibility of the experiment and the accuracy of the parameters. Under the optimum parameters, the qualified rate of hole diameter was 100%, the average hole diameter was 3.62cm, the coefficient of variation of hole diameter was 18.45%, the average hole distance was 22.98cm, and the coefficient of variation of hole distance was 8.43%, average number of holes was 11.08, and the coefficient of variation was 17.56%. The designed seed metering device had good seeding performance, high qualified rate of hole diameter and low coefficient of variation, indicating that the seed metering device had good hole forming performance.

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李漢青,顏丙新,武廣偉,凌琳,趙春江,孟志軍.雙軌道彈射式水稻精量直播排種器設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(2):60-72. LI Hanqing, YAN Bingxin, WU Guangwei, LING Lin, ZHAO Chunjiang, MENG Zhijun. Design and Experiment of Double-track Ejection Rice Precision Direct Seeding Metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(2):60-72.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-02-10
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