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連棟溫室分段變距噴霧機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省重大科技創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目(2022CXGC020708、2019JZZY020620)和山東省蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(SDAIT-05-11)


Design and Experiment of Segmented and Variable Distance Spraying Robot for Multi-span Greenhouse
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)連棟溫室缺乏植保噴霧機(jī)、機(jī)械走直定位與換軌轉(zhuǎn)向精度低等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種連棟溫室分段變距噴霧機(jī)器人,在實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人化噴藥的同時(shí)提高作業(yè)精度。為滿足連棟溫室機(jī)械作業(yè)路軌結(jié)合、精準(zhǔn)切換的要求,提出一種通用型移動(dòng)底盤,并確定其關(guān)鍵設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù);為減少底盤上下軌時(shí)的偏移量,設(shè)計(jì)軌上矯正裝置,通過(guò)分析計(jì)算及試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,確定其安裝余量為4mm;針對(duì)底盤對(duì)軌誤差大的問(wèn)題,提出一種二維碼融合陀螺儀及光電傳感器雙向垂直尋跡的路面關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)定位與轉(zhuǎn)向控制方法。設(shè)計(jì)分段變距噴霧裝置,提出一種絲桿滑臺(tái)驅(qū)動(dòng)的噴桿變距方案,分析校驗(yàn)其驅(qū)動(dòng)參數(shù)以滿足工作要求;基于滾針軸承設(shè)計(jì)噴桿輔助防抖裝置,減小因噴桿劇烈抖動(dòng)帶來(lái)的滑臺(tái)與噴桿損傷。開(kāi)發(fā)底盤運(yùn)動(dòng)及分段變距噴霧控制系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)噴霧機(jī)器人在連棟溫室內(nèi)的全程自動(dòng)化作業(yè)。最后,對(duì)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行底盤性能與噴霧效果試驗(yàn)。底盤作業(yè)時(shí)直線行走與對(duì)軌誤差平均值分別為4.8、5.8mm,滿足控制精度要求;避障距離為34cm,滿足安全性要求;防抖裝置的安裝使噴桿行進(jìn)方向的抖動(dòng)量從-1°~1.3°降低到±0.4°內(nèi),噴頭方向的抖動(dòng)量從±0.5°降低到±0.3°內(nèi),防抖效果顯著;分段變距噴霧作業(yè)后,盛果期番茄葉片正面霧滴沉積量為1.76μL/cm2,反面沉積量為0.2μL/cm2,霧滴體積中徑在100~180μm之間,滿足作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    In response to the lack of connected greenhouse plant protection spraying machines, low precision in mechanical straight-line positioning and rail switching, a segmented and variable distance spraying robot was designed for multi-span greenhouses to achieve unmanned spraying while improving operational precision. To meet the requirements of combining road and track operation and precise switching for mechanical operations in multi-span greenhouses, a universal mobile chassis was proposed with its key design parameters determined. To reduce deviations during chassis movement along the upper and lower rails, a rail correction device was designed. Through analysis, calculations, and experimental validation, an installation clearance of 4mm was established as suitable. Considering the significant chassis tracking errors, a road surface key point positioning and steering control method combining QR codes, gyroscopes, and photoelectric sensors was proposed. The design of the segmented and variable distance spraying device involved proposing a screw slide table-driven spray boom with variable-distance capabilities. The driving parameters were analyzed and validated to meet the operational requirements. Additionally, an auxiliary anti-vibration device based on roller bearings was developed to reduce damage caused by severe vibration of the spray rod. The chassis motion and segmented and variable distance spraying control system were developed to enable full automation of the spraying robot within multi-span greenhouses. Finally, performance and spray effect tests were conducted on the prototype, yielding the following results: the average straight-line travel error and tracking error of the chassis were 4.8mm and 5.8mm, respectively, meeting the requirements for control precision. The obstacle avoidance distance was 34cm, ensuring safety. The installation of the anti-vibration device reduced the vibration in the travel direction of the spray rod from -1° to 1.3° to within ±0.4° and limited the vibration in the nozzle direction from ±0.5° to within ±0.3°, demonstrating significant improvement in anti-vibration effectiveness. Following segmented and variable distance spraying, the deposition of mist droplets on the front surface of tomato leaves during the fruiting stage was approximately 1.76μL/cm2, while the back surface achieved approximately 0.2μL/cm2 of deposition. The mist droplet volume median diameter ranged from 100μm to 180μm, meeting the operational requirements.

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李天華,董廣勝,姚玉康,張觀山,王德倫,施國(guó)英.連棟溫室分段變距噴霧機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(2):170-179. LI Tianhua, DONG Guangsheng, YAO Yukang, ZHANG Guanshan, WANG Delun, SHI Guoying. Design and Experiment of Segmented and Variable Distance Spraying Robot for Multi-span Greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(2):170-179.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-02-10
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