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ORP階段性控制提高葡萄酒中鏈脂肪酸乙酯和高級醇含量研究
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陜西省自然科學基礎(chǔ)研究計劃項目(2023-JC-YB-145)、國家自然科學基金項目(31801528)、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)重大科技專項(2022A02002-4)、陜西省科技創(chuàng)新團隊項目(2023-CX-TD-59)和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020B01005-2)


Increasing Medium-chain Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters and Higher Alcohols in Wine with Phased Control of Oxidation-reduction Potential
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    摘要:

    氧化還原電位(Oxidation-reduction potential, ORP)反映了發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)的氧化還原狀態(tài),與酵母代謝以及香氣化合物合成密切相關(guān),其水平在各酒精發(fā)酵階段存在差異。為了實現(xiàn)ORP在不同發(fā)酵階段的科學控制,通過氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)和感官量化分析法在葡萄酒酒精發(fā)酵的不同階段控制不同水平的ORP,觀察酵母生長、香氣化合物合成以及感官品質(zhì)的變化。結(jié)果表明,在0~48h階段ORP的變化對酵母活菌數(shù)和香氣化合物含量的影響遠高于其他階段。提高此階段ORP有利于酵母生長和糖消耗,而較低ORP有利于香氣化合物合成。與對照相比,0mV(0~48h)-自然條件(48~96h)-自然條件(96h至發(fā)酵結(jié)束)處理組可顯著提高中鏈脂肪酸乙酯中的己酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯含量;0mV-0mV-60mV處理組可顯著提高乙酸酯含量;60mV-0mV-60mV處理組可顯著提高高級醇含量。0mV-自然條件-自然條件處理增強了赤霞珠葡萄酒中紅色水果香氣和愛格麗葡萄酒花果類香氣,并減弱了愛格麗葡萄酒的動物類氣味。ORP的階段性控制為葡萄酒發(fā)酵過程的精準調(diào)控提供了依據(jù),為提高葡萄酒香氣化合物含量以改善葡萄酒的香氣質(zhì)量提供了基礎(chǔ)。

    Abstract:

    The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) reflects the oxidation reduction state of the fermentation system, which is closely related to yeast metabolism and aroma compound synthesis, and the ORP level varies during each phase of alcohol fermentation. In order to realize the effective control of ORP in different fermentation phases, different levels of ORP were controlled during different phases of wine alcohol fermentation, and the effects on yeast growth, aroma compound aroma compound synthesis and sensory quality were observed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory quantitative analysis. Results showed that during 0~48h, the number of viable yeast and the content of aroma compounds in yeast were greatly affected by the change of ORP than other fermentation phases. Increasing ORP at this phase was beneficial to yeast growth and sugar consumption, while reducing ORP was beneficial to the synthesis of aroma compounds. Compared with the control, at the level of 0mV (0~48h)-natural conditions (48~96h)-natural conditions (96h to the end of fermentation), the contents of ethyl hexanoate and ethyl decanoate can be significantly increased. The content of acetates can be significantly increased at the level of 0mV-0mV-60mV, and the content of higher alcohols can be significantly increased at the level of 60mV-0mV-60mV. The treatment of 0mV-natural conditions-natural conditions enhanced the aroma of red fruits in Cabernet Sauvignon wine and the fragrance of flowers and fruits in Ecolly wine, while weakened the odor of animals in Ecolly wine. The phased control of ORP provided a basis for the precise regulation of wine fermentation, and laid a foundation for improving the aroma quality of wine by increasing the content of aroma compounds in wine.

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靳國杰,王馨茹,瞿嘉寧,何雙,陳小敏,張瑞霞,楊華峰. ORP階段性控制提高葡萄酒中鏈脂肪酸乙酯和高級醇含量研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2024,55(2):353-362. JIN Guojie, WANG Xinru, QU Jianing, HE Shuang, CHEN Xiaomin, ZHANG Ruixia, YANG Huafeng. Increasing Medium-chain Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters and Higher Alcohols in Wine with Phased Control of Oxidation-reduction Potential[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(2):353-362.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-02-10
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