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舀種勺舌式胡麻精量穴播器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-14-1-28)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52065004)、甘肅省重大科技專項(xiàng)(21ZD4NA012)、甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021GAAS23)和甘肅省教育廳高校科研創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)重大培育項(xiàng)目(2024CXPT-15)


Design and Test of Seed Ladle Tongue Type Flax Precision Burrow Planter
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)胡麻播種機(jī)用種量大、播量變異系數(shù)大、播種不均勻的問(wèn)題,基于胡麻種子物理特性和種植農(nóng)藝要求,設(shè)計(jì)一種舀種勺舌式胡麻精量穴播器。通過(guò)分析穴播器工作原理確定穴播器組成、舀種勺結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)范圍及安裝數(shù)量;對(duì)舀種勺舀種過(guò)程和清種過(guò)程進(jìn)行力學(xué)分析,確定穴播器角速度范圍;通過(guò)EDEM仿真過(guò)程得知,花紋內(nèi)壁聚種斜槽在不影響舀種勺填充效果的同時(shí),不僅可以提高仿真效率,還可以增大種子流動(dòng)性,便于舀種勺充種。以穴播器角速度、舀種勺頂端過(guò)渡圓角半徑、種室隔離板高度為試驗(yàn)因素,穴播器排種合格率、漏播率和重播率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),利用EDEM離散元仿真軟件開(kāi)展二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗(yàn),得到最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:穴播器角速度2.9rad/s、舀種勺頂端過(guò)渡圓角半徑2.5mm、種室隔離板高6.8mm;將該舀種勺3D打印制作進(jìn)行排種性能試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)得到該舀種勺排種合格率、漏播率和重播率平均值分別為87.00%、6.33%、6.67%;田間試驗(yàn)得到該舀種勺排種合格率為88.33%,漏播率為6.67%,重播率為5.00%;胡麻平均種植密度為50株/m2,其臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)與田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本一致,性能滿足胡麻精量播種農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of large seed amount, large variation coefficient of sowing amount and uneven sowing, a spoon-tongue precise point planter for flax was designed based on the physical characteristics of flax seeds and the requirements of planting agronomy. By analyzing the working principle of the burrow planter, the composition of the burrow planter, the range of structural parameters and the number of installations were determined. The mechanical analysis of the process of spooning seed and clearing seed was carried out to determine the rotational speed range of the burrow planter. According to the EDEM simulation process, the pattern inner wall chute can not only improve the simulation efficiency, but also increase the seed fluidity, which was convenient for the scoop filling. With the rotation speed of the burrow planter, the radius of the transition angle at the top of the scoop and the height of the isolation plate of the seed chamber as the test factors, and the qualification rate of seed exclusion, the leakage rate and the replay rate of the burrow planter as the test indicators, the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test was carried out by using EDEM discrete element simulation software. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was as follows: the rotating speed of the burrow planter was 2.9rad/s, the tip of the scoop was 2.5mm, and the height of the isolation plate was 6.8mm. The seed discharge performance of the spoon was verified by 3D printing. The average pass rate, miss rate and repeat rate of the spoon were 87.00%, 6.33% and 6.67%, respectively. Field experiments showed that the qualified rate of the spooning spoon was 88.33%, the missed rate was 6.67%, and the replay rate was 5.00%. The average planting density of flax was 50 plants/m2, the results of bench test and field test were basically consistent, and the performance met the agronomic requirements of fine sowing flax.

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李輝,趙武云,石林榕,戴飛,饒罡,王尊.舀種勺舌式胡麻精量穴播器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(3):85-95. LI Hui, ZHAO Wuyun, SHI Linrong, DAI Fei, RAO Gang, WANG Zun. Design and Test of Seed Ladle Tongue Type Flax Precision Burrow Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(3):85-95.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-11-15
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