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自走式制種玉米聯(lián)合收獲機設(shè)計與試驗
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甘肅省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳農(nóng)機裝備補短板項目(njyf2022-02、njyf2023-02)、甘肅省重大專項(21ZD10NF003-4-01)、中央引導(dǎo)地方科技發(fā)展資金項目(23ZYQF305-1)、財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(CARS-14-1-28)和甘肅省科技重大專項(23ZDNA008)


Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Seed Corn Combine Harvester
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    摘要:

    大田玉米收獲機收獲制種玉米時容易產(chǎn)生傷穗落籽、雜物堵塞等現(xiàn)象,本文針對適收期制種玉米生物特性,設(shè)計了一種大型制種玉米聯(lián)合收獲機,采用小行距對行柔性板式摘穗割臺和可替換組合式剝皮裝置,確保低損摘穗、輸送、剝皮作業(yè),降低籽粒損失與損傷;其中割臺上方配備鋼質(zhì)覆膠弧形摘穗板,“橡膠+鋼質(zhì)”夾持輸送鏈和六棱低速拉莖輥,可替換組合式剝皮裝置采用柔性破皮+揉搓+降速組合形式。通過Plackett-Burman試驗設(shè)計篩選提取影響機具指標(biāo)的主要因素,采用Box-Behnken試驗設(shè)計原理,以機具前進(jìn)速度、拉莖輥轉(zhuǎn)速和剝皮輥轉(zhuǎn)速為試驗因素,以總損失率與含雜率為性能指標(biāo),通過田間試驗對機具進(jìn)行檢驗,優(yōu)化得出機具最佳作業(yè)參數(shù)。試驗結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化后,當(dāng)機具前進(jìn)速度為4.87km/h、拉莖輥轉(zhuǎn)速為877.27r/min、剝皮輥轉(zhuǎn)速為442.52r/min時,果穗總損失率為1.61%,含雜率為0.55%。田間試驗結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)收獲機前進(jìn)速度為4.9km/h、拉莖輥轉(zhuǎn)速為880r/min、剝皮輥轉(zhuǎn)速為450r/min時,果穗總損失率為1.64%,含雜率為0.57%,滿足制種玉米機械化聯(lián)合收獲的作業(yè)要求,可為制種玉米聯(lián)合收獲機設(shè)計與試驗提供參考。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the field corn harvester harvesting seed corn is prone to the phenomenon of injury to ears and seeds, debris blockage, etc., a large-scale seed corn combine harvester for the biological characteristics of seed corn in the suitable harvest period was designed. The machine adopted small row spacing to row flexible plate picking cutting platform and replaceable combined peeling device, to ensure low-loss picking, conveying, peeling operation and reduce seed loss and damage, which was equipped with steel rubber-covered curved picking plate on the upper part of the cutting platform, “rubber+steel” clamping conveyor chain and six-pronged low-speed pulling rollers, and the replaceable combined peeling device adopted flexible peeling+rubbing+speed reduction. The main factors affecting the machine indexes were extracted by screening through the Plackett-Burman experimental design, and the Box-Behnken experimental design principle was applied, taking the forward speed of the machine, the rotational speed of the stem pulling roller and the rotational speed of the peeling roller as the experimental factors, and taking the total loss rate and the impurity rate as the experimental indexes, the machine was examined through the field test, and the best operating parameters of the machine were optimized. The test results showed that the total loss rate of cob was 1.61% and the impurity rate was 0.55% when the optimized machine forward speed was 4.87km/h, the stem pulling roller speed was 877.27r/min and the peeling roller speed was 442.52r/min. It was verified in the field test: when the forward speed of the harvester was 4.9km/h, the rotational speed of the stalk pulling roller was 880r/min, and the rotational speed of the peeling roller was 450r/min, the total loss rate of the cob was 1.64%, and the rate of impurity was 0.57%, which met the requirements of the mechanized joint harvesting of corn for seed production, and it can be used as a reference for the design and test of the joint harvesting machine for corn for seed production.

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趙一鳴,戴飛,史瑞杰,陳俊志,辛尚龍,趙武云,張鋒偉.自走式制種玉米聯(lián)合收獲機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(5):121-134. ZHAO Yiming, DAI Fei, SHI Ruijie, CHEN Junzhi, XIN Shanglong, ZHAO Wuyun, ZHANG Fengwei. Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Seed Corn Combine Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(5):121-134.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-02-23
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