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秸稈還田配施氮肥對黑土玉米田土壤CO2排放與碳平衡的影響
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD1500802)、東農(nóng)學(xué)者計(jì)劃學(xué)術(shù)骨干項(xiàng)目(21XG18)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51809042)


Effects of Straw Returning Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil CO2 Emission and Carbon Balance in Black Soil Maize Field
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    摘要:

    為探尋不同秸稈還田方式配施氮肥對黑土玉米田土壤CO2排放與碳平衡的影響,于2023年開展大田試驗(yàn),設(shè)置秸稈離田(S0,對照)、秸稈覆蓋還田(S1)、秸稈旋耕還田(S2)3種秸稈還田方式,同時設(shè)置常規(guī)施加氮肥(N, 250kg/hm2)與不施加氮肥(W,0kg/hm2,對照)2種施氮模式,共計(jì)6個處理。測定不同處理下玉米生育期土壤CO2排放通量以及玉米收獲后土壤有機(jī)碳(SOC)、可溶性有機(jī)碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)含量,探究土壤CO2累積排放量與SOC、DOC、MBC含量的關(guān)系,并分析黑土玉米田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳平衡狀況。結(jié)果表明:各處理中土壤CO2累積排放量從大到小依次為S2N、S1N、S0N、S2W、S1W、S0W,其中S2N處理土壤CO2累積排放量較S0W處理顯著增加70.31%(P<0.05)。在相同施氮模式下,秸稈還田能夠有效增加SOC、DOC、MBC含量,且土壤CO2累積排放量與SOC、DOC、MBC含量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。不同秸稈還田方式配施氮肥下,S1N處理玉米產(chǎn)量最高,為13534.4kg/hm2,作物碳排放速率最低,為0.122kg/kg。不同秸稈還田方式配施氮肥下黑土玉米田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳平衡值均為正值,表現(xiàn)為較強(qiáng)的碳“匯”,其中S1N處理碳平衡值和土壤固碳潛力最大,較其他處理分別增加13.12%~94.05%、3.49%~25.32%。綜上所述,在本試驗(yàn)條件下,秸稈覆蓋還田+常規(guī)施氮(S1N處理)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)黑土玉米田土壤固碳減排和作物增產(chǎn)目的。

    Abstract:

    Field experiment was conducted in 2023 to investigate the effects of different straw returning methods with N fertilization on soil CO2-emission and carbon balance in black soil maize fields. The experiment included three straw return methods: straw leaving the field (S0, control), straw mulching returning to the field (S1), and straw rotary tillage returning to the field (S2), and two modes of N fertilization: regular N fertilizer application (N, 250kg/hm2) and no N fertilizer application (W, 0kg/hm2, control), totaling six treatments. The soil CO2-emission flux and the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) after maize harvest were measured under different treatments, and the relationship between soil CO2-emission and the contents of SOC, DOC, MBC were explored, and the carbon balance of black soil maize field ecosystem was analyzed. The results showed that the cumulative soil CO2-emissions in each treatment were S2N, S1N, S0N, S2W, S1W,S0W, and the cumulative soil CO2-emissions of S2N treatment were increased significantly by 70.31% compared with S0W treatment (P<0.05). Under the same nitrogen application mode, straw returning to the field effectively increased the contents of SOC, DOC, MBC. Additionally, the cumulative soil CO2-emissions were positively correlated with the contents of SOC, DOC, MBC. Under different straw returning methods and nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of maize in S1N treatment was the highest (13534.4kg/hm2), and the crop carbon emission rate was the lowest (0.122kg/kg). The carbon balance value of black soil maize field ecosystem under different straw returning methods and nitrogen fertilizer application were all positive, showing a strong carbon “sink”, and the carbon balance value and soil carbon sequestration potential of S1N treatment were the largest, which were increased by 13.12%~94.05% and 3.49%~25.32%, respectively, compared with other treatments. In summary, the results of this experiment suggest that straw mulching and returning to the field, in combination with conventional nitrogen application (S1N), can effectively achieve the goals of soil carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and increased crop yield in black soil corn fields.

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齊智娟,徐敬文,張忠學(xué),宋芳,李鐵成,孫嘉璐.秸稈還田配施氮肥對黑土玉米田土壤CO2排放與碳平衡的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2024,55(6):284-293. QI Zhijuan, XU Jingwen, ZHANG Zhongxue, SONG Fang, LI Tiecheng, SUN Jialu. Effects of Straw Returning Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil CO2 Emission and Carbon Balance in Black Soil Maize Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(6):284-293.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-22
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