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淡水魚圈養(yǎng)模式氣送式投飼系統(tǒng)設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(32072765)和湖北省農機裝備補短板核心技術應用攻關項目(HBSNYT202217)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Feeding System for Freshwater Fish in Juanyang Mode
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    摘要:

    由于傳統(tǒng)淡水魚池塘養(yǎng)殖存在廢物過量堆積、水體污染嚴重等問題,以及中國對水產品需求的增加,工廠化循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖、集裝箱、圈養(yǎng)模式等高質量、高產量、集約化的新型淡水魚養(yǎng)殖模式逐漸得到應用。針對新型淡水魚養(yǎng)殖模式存在投飼勞動強度大、自動化程度低等問題,設計了一款氣送式自動投飼系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)了定向、定時和定量投飼功能。設計了特定的四通裝置和三通裝置以保證飼料的定向輸送;基于計算流體力學和離散單元法(Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合技術,初步確定了滿足投飼要求的投飼速度并由此確定了風機型號;開發(fā)了以Arduino Mega 2560單片機為核心處理器的投飼控制系統(tǒng),通過時鐘模塊實時獲取當前時間信息,通過稱量傳感器實時獲取料倉內物料質量信息,通過藍牙傳輸預計投飼區(qū)域、投飼時間和投飼質量,從而實現(xiàn)定向定時定量投飼;最后試制樣機并進行了性能試驗,兩種工況下投飼的實際投飼距離與仿真結果誤差分別為5.74%和9.54%,定向、定時和定量投飼可以準確實現(xiàn),控制系統(tǒng)響應時間小于1s,定量投飼最大誤差為5.37%。研究結果表明,自動投飼系統(tǒng)結構可靠、控制系統(tǒng)精度較高,滿足自動投飼要求。

    Abstract:

    Due to the problem of excessive waste accumulation and serious water pollution in traditional feeding mode, high-quality, high-yield and intensive feeding modes for freshwater fish were applied to meet the demand for water products in China, such as industrial aquaculture, containerized aquaculture and pond Juanyang mode. A pneumatic and automatic feeding system was designed, aiming at the problems of high intensity of labour and low degree of automation. The functions of directional, timing and quantitative feeding were realized, combined with Bluetooth control. The main content was summarized as follows: the specific four-way and three-way units were designed to ensure the directional delivery of feed. Based on Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method (CFD-DEM) coupling technology, the feeding speed was initially determined, and the fan was selected according to the feeding speed. The feeding system was developed with Arduino Mega 2560 processor;the time and weight information in this system were obtained by clock module and weighting sensor;the data of expected feeding time, feeding weight and feeding area was transmitted through Bluetooth module. Finally, the prototype was performed and tested. For two working conditoins, the error of average feeding distance between experiment and simulation were 5.74% and 9.54%. The directional, timing and quantitative feeding could be achieved accurately, with response time less than 1s. The maximum error of quantified feeding was 5.37%. The results showed that the automatic feeding system can meet the real feeding requirements with reliable structure and high-accuracy control system. This research can provide a solution for the feeding problem of freshwater fish farming.

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孔憲銳,張卿,李洪波,牛智有,黃凰,劉梅英,劉靜.淡水魚圈養(yǎng)模式氣送式投飼系統(tǒng)設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2024,55(8):152-160. KONG Xianrui, ZHANG Qing, LI Hongbo, NIU Zhiyou, HUANG Huang, LIU Meiying, LIU Jing. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Feeding System for Freshwater Fish in Juanyang Mode[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(8):152-160.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-08-10
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