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淡水魚圈養(yǎng)模式氣送式投飼系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32072765)和湖北省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備補(bǔ)短板核心技術(shù)應(yīng)用攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(HBSNYT202217)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Feeding System for Freshwater Fish in Juanyang Mode
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    摘要:

    由于傳統(tǒng)淡水魚池塘養(yǎng)殖存在廢物過(guò)量堆積、水體污染嚴(yán)重等問(wèn)題,以及中國(guó)對(duì)水產(chǎn)品需求的增加,工廠化循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖、集裝箱、圈養(yǎng)模式等高質(zhì)量、高產(chǎn)量、集約化的新型淡水魚養(yǎng)殖模式逐漸得到應(yīng)用。針對(duì)新型淡水魚養(yǎng)殖模式存在投飼勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、自動(dòng)化程度低等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一款氣送式自動(dòng)投飼系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了定向、定時(shí)和定量投飼功能。設(shè)計(jì)了特定的四通裝置和三通裝置以保證飼料的定向輸送;基于計(jì)算流體力學(xué)和離散單元法(Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合技術(shù),初步確定了滿足投飼要求的投飼速度并由此確定了風(fēng)機(jī)型號(hào);開發(fā)了以Arduino Mega 2560單片機(jī)為核心處理器的投飼控制系統(tǒng),通過(guò)時(shí)鐘模塊實(shí)時(shí)獲取當(dāng)前時(shí)間信息,通過(guò)稱量傳感器實(shí)時(shí)獲取料倉(cāng)內(nèi)物料質(zhì)量信息,通過(guò)藍(lán)牙傳輸預(yù)計(jì)投飼區(qū)域、投飼時(shí)間和投飼質(zhì)量,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)定向定時(shí)定量投飼;最后試制樣機(jī)并進(jìn)行了性能試驗(yàn),兩種工況下投飼的實(shí)際投飼距離與仿真結(jié)果誤差分別為5.74%和9.54%,定向、定時(shí)和定量投飼可以準(zhǔn)確實(shí)現(xiàn),控制系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間小于1s,定量投飼最大誤差為5.37%。研究結(jié)果表明,自動(dòng)投飼系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)可靠、控制系統(tǒng)精度較高,滿足自動(dòng)投飼要求。

    Abstract:

    Due to the problem of excessive waste accumulation and serious water pollution in traditional feeding mode, high-quality, high-yield and intensive feeding modes for freshwater fish were applied to meet the demand for water products in China, such as industrial aquaculture, containerized aquaculture and pond Juanyang mode. A pneumatic and automatic feeding system was designed, aiming at the problems of high intensity of labour and low degree of automation. The functions of directional, timing and quantitative feeding were realized, combined with Bluetooth control. The main content was summarized as follows: the specific four-way and three-way units were designed to ensure the directional delivery of feed. Based on Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method (CFD-DEM) coupling technology, the feeding speed was initially determined, and the fan was selected according to the feeding speed. The feeding system was developed with Arduino Mega 2560 processor;the time and weight information in this system were obtained by clock module and weighting sensor;the data of expected feeding time, feeding weight and feeding area was transmitted through Bluetooth module. Finally, the prototype was performed and tested. For two working conditoins, the error of average feeding distance between experiment and simulation were 5.74% and 9.54%. The directional, timing and quantitative feeding could be achieved accurately, with response time less than 1s. The maximum error of quantified feeding was 5.37%. The results showed that the automatic feeding system can meet the real feeding requirements with reliable structure and high-accuracy control system. This research can provide a solution for the feeding problem of freshwater fish farming.

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孔憲銳,張卿,李洪波,牛智有,黃凰,劉梅英,劉靜.淡水魚圈養(yǎng)模式氣送式投飼系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(8):152-160. KONG Xianrui, ZHANG Qing, LI Hongbo, NIU Zhiyou, HUANG Huang, LIU Meiying, LIU Jing. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Feeding System for Freshwater Fish in Juanyang Mode[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(8):152-160.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-08-10
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